The Bahai Faith and an Excerpt by Bahaullah Essay

The Bahai Faith and an Excerpt by Bahaullah - Essay Example The Baha'i Faith began over 150 years prior and extended far and wide. Offshoots of the Baha'i Faith live in excess of 100,000 areas of the globe and get from for all intents and purposes each development, occupation, nationality, and money related condition. Baha'i Faith endeavors to discover a unification of vision in looking for a reason in life through evident religion. Such a dream unfurls in the compositions of Baha'u'llah. (The Baha'i Faith/The International Web webpage of the Baha'is of the world). One of his compositions, The Moral Guidance in Ornate Prose, will be broke down in this paper. Baha'u'llah starts his Moral Guidance piece with comparative equals to the eight Beatitudes instructed by Jesus Christ. The Beatitudes are basically composed yet significant articulations that guide, educate and show estimations of Jesus' message, like Baha'u'llah's Moral Guidance selection. Be liberal in flourishing, deserving of trust of thy neighbor, fortune to poor people, an answerer to the call of the destitute, Be unjustifiable to no man, demonstrate all accommodation to all men (Tradition).These lessons from the earliest starting point of Baha'u'llah's Moral Guidance entry, stress that a firm feeling of solidarity between us all is fundamental to human movement and that all bias - racial, strict, national or financial - is dangerous and must be survived.

Lake Superior State University Admissions

Lake Superior State University Admissions Lake Superior State University Admissions Overview: Most of candidates keen on Lake Superior State University are conceded every year. With an acknowledgment pace of 91%, most understudies with grades and government sanctioned grades that are normal or better will get in. To apply, visit the schools site for application guidelines and significant deadlines.â Affirmations Data (2016): Lake Superior State University Acceptance Rate: 91%Test Scores 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 430/540SAT Math: 430â /520SAT Writing: -/ - What these SAT numbers meanMichigan state funded college SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 20â /25ACT English: 19/26ACT Math: 18/25ACT Writing: -/ - What these ACT numbers meanMichigan state funded college ACT score examination Lake Superior State University Description: Lake Superior State University is one of Michigans 15 state funded colleges; its grounds is situated in Sault Ste Marie on the site of the previous U.S. Armys Fort Brady. It is on the littler side, with a little more than 2,500 understudies, an understudy/flawed proportion of 15â to 1, and a normal class size of less than 30 understudies. LSSU offers a considerable rundown of scholarly projects from its five universities and schools: the College of Arts, Letters, Social Sciences and Emergency Services; the College of Business and Engineering; the College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences; the College of Nursing and Health Sciences; and the School of Education. The college is one of just three in the nation to offer a fire science program. With in excess of 60 understudy clubs and associations just as intramural games, there is bounty to do nearby. LSSU is an individual from the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC), however the universitys ice hockey group contends in the NCAA Division I Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) and has won five national titles. Enlistment (2016): Absolute Enrollment: 2,099â (all undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 49% Male/51% Female86% Full-time Costs (2016-17): Educational cost and Fees: $11,019â (in-state)Books: $1,100 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,442Other Expenses: $1,600Total Cost: $22,161â Lake Superior State University Financial Aid (2015-16): Level of New Students Receiving Aid: 96%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 86%Loans: 59%Average Amount of AidGrants: $9,830Loans: $6,167 Scholastic Programs: Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, Exercise Science, Fire Science, Fisheries and Wildlife Management, Nursing Move, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 72%Transfer-out Rate: 5%4-Year Graduation Rate: 21%6-Year Graduation Rate: 42% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports: Ice Hockey, Cross Country, Tennis, Track and Field, Basketball, GolfWomens Sports: Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Track and Field, Softball, Golf, Cross Country Information Source: National Center for Educational Statistics In the event that You Like Lake Superior State University, You May Also Like These Schools: Oakland University: Profile Northern Michigan University: Profile Albion College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFinlandia University: Profile Spring Arbor University: Profile Eastern Michigan University: Profile University of Michigan - Ann Arbor: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlma College: Profile Ferris State University: Profile Central Michigan University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGrand Valley State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbion College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Psychology Use Of Language Essays - Communication Disorders

Brain research: Use Of Language Jennifer Mull Psychology Human discourse makes conceivable the articulation and correspondence of musings, needs, and feelings through vocalization as words. It is a procedure whose specific adjustments separate it from the unimportant creation of sounds- - a limit people share with most creatures. Notwithstanding the limit with respect to laryngeal creation of sound (which a few creatures likewise have), discourse requires a reverberation framework for tweak and intensification of that sound and an explanation procedure for the forming of that sound into the publicly settled word-images of implying that comprise the language of a given culture. (Dignitary Edell) The utilization of language is made conceivable by certain cerebral capacities: the development of musings; the perception, stockpiling, and review of words; and the choice of words to communicate the considerations and the game plans of these words in a succession or association that comprises (or endeavors to establish) coherent correspondence. The discourse procedure includes the discourse communities of the cerebrum, the respiratory focus in the mind stem, the respiratory framework, the chest hole, the structures of the larynx, the pharynx, the nose and nasal pits, and the structures and parts of the mouth and related facial muscles. There are three recognized discourse zones. The Supplementary engine cortex, on the highest point of the left frontal projection, includes the procedure of vocalization itself. Broca's zone, drop down at the rear of the left frontal flap, seems to include elements of explanation, jargon, emphasis, and word succession. Wernicke's territory is for the most part the back piece of the left worldly projection, with parts of the parietal zone; any enormous demolition of this zone brings about the loss of the limit with regards to significant discourse however not the loss of sound creation. The discourse procedure begins with a lapse of air, created by the respiratory systems of lung extension and constriction: the descending and upward developments of the stomach to stretch or abbreviate the chest cavity, and the rise and sadness of the ribs to increment or decline the measurement of the chest cavity. These developments rely upon the elements of the upper muscular strength. Generally speaking, the muscles that hoist the chest confine are muscles of motivation (inward breath), and those that discourage the chest are muscles of lapse (exhalation). (Wellbeing Central) If intense lapse is expected, comparative with body or discourse needs, all muscular strength consolidated can fill in as muscles of termination. Lapse would then be able to be inactive or it very well may be commandingly dynamic, discouraging the confine and beginning a current of air upward from the lungs. The driving vitality for discourse creation, produced by the systems of termination, shifts with sing ular physiology, breathing propensities, and preparing for remedy where required. The reverberation procedure, which is on a very basic level the enhancement of sound on its approach to articulation, includes he pharynx, the mouth, the nose, the nasal sinuses, and the chest pit. The nature of that reverberation, which may run from shrillness to virtual imperceptibility, likewise relies upon both fixed and variable components, as to states of being and learned practices, and identifies with the aim of the individual and their character just as their discourse practices. It likewise identifies with the power of the lapse of air and the components of the chest pit. Through all the different impacts and use of these pieces of the reverberation components, specific sorts of discourse quirks are shown -, for example, nasality, which speaks to over dependence on the nasal depressions for reverberation; or great sound projection, which uses the chest pit just as different organs. The procedure of explanation establishes the arrangement of the intensified sound into words, through developments of the lips, tongue, and delicate sense of taste of the mouth, and of the related facial muscles. In addition, the characteristics of a given language may require various types of explanation in light of the fact that the linguodental zone (between the tip of the tongue and the teeth) might be utilized contrastingly in one language than the manner in which it is in another. Discourse issue, both practical and natural, at the impediment level, effect around 22 million people in the United States, as indicated by U.S. General Health Service gauges. Around 40% are because of hearing misfortune, roughly 10% to neurological sickness, and around half to a scope of other

Women In The Work Place Essay Example For Students

Ladies In The Work Place Essay The previous decades there has been a sensational increment of ladies taking an interest in the work power from nations everywhere throughout the World including Canada. In 1950, one Canadian specialist in five was a lady. By 1980 this rate had multiplied, and ladies are relied upon to make up in excess of 44 percent of the work power before this current century's over. The expansion in female cooperation began happening during the 1970s. This expansion likewise caused the biggest time of increased birth rates that the Canadian female work power had ever seen. In North America it is regular for ladies to have low maintenance or summer employments, and the interest pace of adolescent young ladies is high. It is additionally generally high all through the world in places as United Kingdom on account of the less ladies going to class. However, in places like France, Italy, and Japan the female investment rate is extremely low. In the vast majority of the nations the work power is most partaken in the age bunches somewhere in the range of 20 and 24. The work power of develop ladies is extremely high in Sweden, due to the supported day care offices, which likewise furnishes the females with enactment that gives them incredible advantages. In Japan there is a drop in female monetary action, the motivation behind why is it influences their marriage and the consideration of their lone youngster. We will compose a custom paper on Women In The Work Place explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now A perception of work power cooperation rates in Canada show that female rates increased a great deal somewhere in the range of 1971 and 1981, while the male rate increased unnoticeably. The expansion in the female cooperation rate was found in all age bunches with the exception of in more seasoned ladies. For ladies matured 15 to 19 the rate was as nearly as high as the men. In any case, the biggest increment was in the age gathering of 25-44 years of age, where the rate rose very nearly 50 percent. This implied the investment paces of the females had gotten all the more indistinguishable with the men. Family status likewise impacted the female interest rate however later on during 1981 it had a more less effect than in 1971. As per measurements a little more than one fourth of wedded ladies with small kids were working, however this later changed and developed by 76 percent over a 10-year timeframe. The rate additionally demonstrated an expansion of 47 percent for bereft, separated, and isolated ladies with youngsters. Anyway single ladies with small kids demonstrated a slight diminishing. Anyway the female cooperation rate isn't such a great amount of identified with family status as today as it was numerous years prior. During the time of 1971 through 1981 the inclusion of wedded ladies experienced a significant change. Less ladies considered union with be motivation to intrude on their cooperation in the activity power, and couple would in general delay having kids or not having any whatsoever. While ladies with little youngsters would in general partake less in the work advertise and stop their occupations more regularly than men. Females did the specific inverse of what men did when they had youngsters while working, and at times were in reality more steady than men without kids. This indicated the couples demeanor towards having kids affected an abatement in the female work power interest rate. In 1981 most ladies spent a normal of 1,247 hours a year working, contrasted and 1,431 hours in 1971 which had dropped around 15 percent. Indeed, even men saw their normal hours decline by 13 percent. Not just more ladies were working, more were working low maintenance for just piece of the year which implied more ladies on the joblessness rolls. During the 1960s the joblessness rate for females was 3 percent and after ten years expanded to 7 percent. Since June 1982 the joblessness rate for men was 11-13 percent and the womens simply over that rate which could likewise surpass that of the men close to the century's end. Just around 11 percent of ladies had low maintenance occupations since they couldnt discover all day business or in light of the fact that they wished to invest more energy to their training or their families, or for different reasons. Albeit 24 percent of the ladies working low maintenance would have favored an all day work in the event that it had been accessible. .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 , .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .postImageUrl , .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 , .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:hover , .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:visited , .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:active { border:0!important; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:active , .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee9 7eb1734263d50 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0b755894c6dd243cee97eb1734263d50:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Supply And Demand EssayAccording to the Statistics Canada study, in 1970 ladies were incredibly inadequately paid which indicated a major income contrast than the men. This began changing during the 1970s, which rose the females gaining to 51.2 percent of that of a man. After ten years it had arrived at 54.4 percent. On the off chance that it werent for the decline in yearly hours for the females the profit distinction would have been diminished significantly further. By 1980 the females income had ascended to 72 percent of that of a man. The female work power would be fragmented without equivalent compensation for equivalent or identical work. This issue was the most significant issue to ladies in low-paid occupations. On the off chance that the head of equivalent compensation for equivalent work were completely applied people would both get the equivalent time-based compensation which would raise female profit significantly. The issue of equivalent compensation for equivalent work regularly comes up in conversation to improve the monetary status of the ladies at the base of the finance, a large number of them who are not in associations. At the point when ladies initially began entering the work power they were bothered by the guys in light of the fact that they should conventional work in the house and deal with the family. Which was the explanation of their low wages to oppose ladies working. These customs mirrored their wages and the positions individuals were eager to offer to ladies. Working ladies experience issues, for example, inappropriate behavior and being terminated due to pregnancy. The greater part of the individuals need to address the inconsistent treatment of ladies in the work power and make it equivalent for everybody. A portion of the strategies, which can be utilized to help uniformity, are to acquaint a government enactment with ensure equivalent compensation for equivalent work. To likewise set wages as indicated by the estimation of the work done by the business. Which would be hard to gauge the estimation of one people work contrasted with another people. We could likewise offer ladies better advantages and a superior benefits when they resign their activity. People groups perspectives towards ladies in the work power are gradually beginning to change and more open doors for ladies are being accessible for them. The inconsistent treatment of working ladies will take a very long time to change and will consistently remain a significant issue. Financial aspects

The Tremendous Value of Private Loan Prequalification

HomeFinancePrivate LoansThe Tremendous Value of Private Student Loan PrequalificationThis page may contain affiliate links.Dec 19, 2018 Are you able to do a prequalification for your private student loans? If you aren’t sure – or the answer is no – you may want to look for another lender. Prequalification is enormously valuable, and if you don’t take advantage of the process you’re definitely missing out. Here’s what you need to know about prequalification and how to find lenders that offer it! [Federal and Private Student Loans From A to Z] What is Private Loan Prequalification? While a federal loan is offered through the government, a private student loan is offered through individual banks and credit unions. With a federal loan, everyone gets the same interest rate. But with a private loan, the interest rates vary depending on your credit and other factors. Prequalification gives you a chance to move beyond the printed interest rate ranges offered by lenders. The lenders will do a soft credit hit – which does not impact your credit – and ask a few other questions to determine a more specific credit result for you and your student. Once you answer the questions, the lender will be able to give you additional specific information. These details may include: A more specific interest rate or range for your situation An estimated loan amount you will be approved for Any fees that may be included The estimated payments you could owe depending on the loan terms you choose Don’t Worry – Research! Once the college admission process is complete, you have a waiting time before you get your student’s final financial numbers. Students are choosing classes, making housing choices, and determining meal plans. What do you do during those months? Don’t worry – research! You don’t want to apply for private loans or parent PLUS loans until you receive the final financial bill from the school. After all, many lenders limit you to the actual cost of attendance, and you don’t know that amount right now. Instead, look for options. Start by comparing private lenders based on key factors: interest rates, prequalification options, cosigner release, and hardship release options. Then, take advantage of prequalification to compare your top lenders to each other. You’ll get much more specific information, and you’ll have your private loan options narrowed way down by the time you need to actually apply. Not all lenders have prequalification as an option. But for those that do, you have a lot of additional information at your fingertips and ready to go when the application time arrives. LendersInterest RatesPre-QualificationCosigner ReleaseLenders Profile Variable: 3.80% – 11.80% Fixed: 5.25% - 11.90% Yes with CredibleYesCitizens Bank Student Loans Variable: 3.69% - 10.94% Fixed: 5.29% - 12.07%YesYes College Ave Student Loans Variable: 3.73% - 9.11% Fixed: 5.38% - 9.21% YesYesCommonBond Student Loans Variable: 4.99% - 11.24% Fixed: 6.49% - 11.99% NoNoDiscover Undergraduate Student Loans Variable: 4.53% - 9.61% Fixed: 5.36% - 9.69% YesYesLendKey Student Loans Variable: 4.00% - 10.86% Fixed: 5.74% - 11.85% No YesSallie Mae Student Loans Research Makes Private Loans Easier It’s important to know everything you can about private loan options before it’s time to apply. Prequalification is a tremendously valuable tool that will let you know what you’re likely to receive in your specific situation. There’s no need to complete a long application process if you can find out information without it! Keep an eye out for prequalification options and take full advantage of them.

Racism in Sports - Free Essay Example

This article was written to tell its readers about the problems that is going on in sports in todays society. In the article it talks about how sports fans only see what the media wants you to see but it doesn’t show the real problems that are really going on behind the scenes on the field and on the court. The article states that there are problems with not on racism in perfectional leagues but also with universities. This article talks about how racism is happening in colleges and for many African-American’s even if they go to the college people see them as an athlete and not there for a degree. The article will give the readers more information about racism in professional leagues and also in college sports as well. The article is not only about racism in sports but will also be about how those that works to promote and protect the athletes as well. I’m going to use this source to help give me more information about the aspects of not only college sports but also different angles for my paper. I’m also going to use this source to help me get a better understanding of the opinions of the author, so I can understand the information more clearly. I want to know more about this subject so this source that I found will give me the information that I need to understand my subject a little more. This article is about how there are many accounts of racist slurs being directed towards the opposing teams at school sporting events. The article doesn’t go very into detail on the subject, but it did have recent accounts of this happening though. In the article it tells you who the racist slurs were being directed at and it also mentioned just some of the punishments that was received to those who said the racist things. The article also mentioned that not only were the adults but also some of the children also were the ones saying the racist slurs. The article also stated that there were even some death threats to an owner of an Idaho soccer club. The article also states that there are more and more of these types of issues happening around the US. The article also stated that there is more of a political level to this issue as well. I found this article to be really informative on my subject because it not only gave me different things that had happened recently to why it might be happening. I found that the different examples of racist slurs around the Us. This article will give me a different perspective when I’m writing my paper. This movie is based off a true story and it tells about a time during WWII when we discriminated against those that were Asian. This movie tells the story of a baseball team of Japanese boys who just wanted to play the sport that they love but WWII was happening, and it was hard for them to play. The movie takes place in Vancouver Canada and because of the boys love for the game they started their own league. The boys had helped a lot of people during that time that was scared about the war to break the racial boundaries the movie includes recent interviews with some of the players from that time. The movie shows its advances what it would have been to live during that time and to be growing up then. The movie also goes into the lives of some of the players and what it was like during such a difficult time in the world. I will use this movie because it tells about the history of a different angle on sports and it will give me a better view on what it was like to be an athlete during WWII. I want to use this movie to add some history and to show a different side of baseball and sports. This article starts out by talking about an incident that had ended with the death of an unarmed seventeen-year-old just because he was African American. After the kid’s death some African American athletes posted a photo stating â€Å"#WeWantJustice† that had sparked a conserver on whether or not athletes should have a say in these types of things. The article also goes into detail on the political side of things also. This article also mentioned that there have been more incidents where unarmed African Americans gets killed. The article goes into great details about a lot of incidents that are happening in the Sports world when to comes to standing up for Justice towards racism. This article also mentioned that politics are starting to be an issue with racism because for some Major Sports Leagues, the players can’t stand up for what they believe in or they will get fired. I found that this article has a lot of great information that I’m going to use in m y paper and this article made a good point on pointing out that our ways of standing up for what we believe in is an amazing thing. I found that this article is filled with a lot of good points that I want to touch more on in my paper. I am using this website because I have found that it has the best information. The site has the most up to date information about my topic. I have found that some of the major information that I am going to use is going to come from this page for the reason that I feel that it has some information that you can’t find at the other sources out there. I have found that I have gotten some very valuable information from this article and that it will direct me in the direction that I will need to go with my paper to begin with. This resource that I’m going to use has stated many interesting information about how there is not only racism going on in our sports leagues but also that racism is happening around the world as well. The article has given a really good example of racist comments and how some people deal with it. There was one example that really stood out to me was that there are many bias fans out there and what they do to get back at someone in their rival team, an d how they go after only one person. This article will be one I will be using to branch out from. This article gives a lot of great points on racism in sports. This article touch’s on how everyone really needs to watch what they say. In the article they start off by talking about an incident that happened on live TV when there was an interview with a retired CBS reporter. The reporter started talking about how African Americans are starting to take over major sports and that they will soon start to couch as well. This article touches on an issue that had happened and it talks about how the views reacted to his comments. The Director of CBS had commented that he never knew about the reporter’s point of view and cut ties with him. This article also touches on how there was a survey down that had shown that African American player receive most of the negative coverage from many reporters. This article also touches issues in college sports and it also talks about the issues that are going on. I found that this article has many different layers to it. I will be able to get a lot of my information on the different aspects on my topic. This article was one that I found as a lot of inflation on not only the issues around racism in social media but also on college sports too. This article is about how talks about a duration of about twenty years This article talks about different incidents that has happened over those twenty years when it comes to African American athletes and it tell the readers that this issue is getting any better. This article is very interesting because it is about a period of time that this topic was still new, and it hasn’t gotten any better over those twenty years. The article tells their readers that there have been many different incidents that has happened in not only perfusing sports but also in college sports as well. This article goes into detail about incidents that has happened to African American athletes over the years and what had happened to them over those years. This article is a survey about racist acts that has happened over those twenty years and the things that has happened to the African American athletes. I really enjoyed this article because it gives me the information that I need to succeed in my rese arch paper. This article goes into what they have found over those twenty years and that information that they have found will help me go further into the history part of my paper. This source that I have picked to use for my topic is from a survey they did to see the bias between the races in the major football league. This has given me many interesting facts from their findings that I never really thought of before. This article goes into great detail about how some fans feel about the different races that are playing for the U.S for not only the Football league but for all of the other major sports like the Olympics and college sports too. I feel that this well give me information about not only the different sports but some of the professional athletes that are mentioned in the article. This article will give me some of the information that I need to help answer my question and it will also help me to be able to tie not only the athletes but also the some of the views from the fans. I find this having at least one survey relating to my topic will help add more concrete facts to help with my overall topic. Bias is something that we all feel and experience bu t for some fans they do something about it. This article that I found will help give me another angle on my topic that will benefit me. This article talks about an incident that had happened to LeBron James home when a racist slur was written on his homes gate. This article talks about how there are many different opinions on racism in the world. LeBron James had commented that if the issue keeps the talk of racism moving then so be it, but he wants something to change. This article was also mentioned on the ESPN article about this not being the only incident that had happened recently. This article goes into many different angles and it give a lot of information about what had happened to LeBron James and those around him too. The information that is presented in this article also states that this wasn’t the first time that something like this had happened to LeBron and it states that it had happened during a game as well. This article had also mentioned a civil rights lawyer that has the same views as LeBron James when it comes to racism as well. I found this article to be very informational because it will give me some opinions from a Professional athlete when it comes to racism and it will help me understand my topic a little better. This article touches on the issue in Europe to show that there is also racism happening all around the world. This article is about some violence’s and racist acts that had happened during a soccer game in Europe. The teams that were playing against each other was Poland and Ukraine. What had happened was that there had already been incidents over the season and the fans to their teams feel that their teams are the better one and thinks that if the chant racist slurs it will make their team win. Ukraine had known that this was going to happen so their team was already ready to handle the slurs and chants. This article also is about how there are more and more issues like this that are happening all around the world. There are being more and more racist acts when it comes to sports fans and the way they fight for their teams win. I think that this article is very informational because it has an international view on my subject and it will help me to show that this issue is not only happening in US sports but around the world as well. This article is very interesting because it goes and gives different details of incidents that has happened over the season. Bibliography: 1. Anderson, P. (n.d.). Racism in Sports: A Question of Ethics. Marquette Sports Law Review, 1-53. Retrieved from Marquette Sports Law Review: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/httpsredir=1article=1156context=sportslaw 2. Cook, B. (2018, February 9). Whats behind all the racism at youth sports events? Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobcook/2018/02/09/whats-behind-all-the-racism-at-youth-sports-events/#1affc1142b85 3. Films for the Humanities Sciences, InfoBase, National Film Board of Canada. (2013). Sleeping Tigers, The Asahi Baseball Story. New York, N.Y.: InfoBase. 4. Hall, E. A., March, R. B. J., Reynolds, J. M. (2017). Policy PointCounterpoint: Do African American Athletes Have an Obligation to Fight Against Racial Injustice? International Social Science Review, 93(2), 1–9. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.library.skagit.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=127007917site=ehost-live 5. Lapchick, R. (2018, January 12). Racist acts in sports were on the rise in 2017. Retrieved October 2018, from ESPN: https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/22041345/racism-continued-rear-ugly-head-sports-2017. 6. Lawrence, A. (2018, October 2). How the natural talent myth is used as a weapon against black athletes. Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/oct/02/athletes-racism-language-sports-cam-newton 7. Primm, E., DuBois, S., Reguli, R. (2007). An Exercise in Subtleties and the Transmission of Racism: An Analysis of Sports Illustrated Covers. Journal of African American Studies, 11(3/4), 239–250. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.skagit.edu/10.1007/s12111-007-9025-2 8. Schmidt, A., Coe, K. (2014). Old and New Forms of Racial Bias in Mediated Sports Commentary: The Case of the National Football League Draft. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 58(4), 655–670. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.skagit.edu/10.1080/08838151.2014.966364 9. Scott Gleeson, Scott Gleeson, USA TODAY Sports. (n.d.). Jackson lauds James compares him to Ali. USA Today. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.library.skagit.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=J0E369547129217site=ehost-live 10. Watson, M. R. (2013). The Dark Heart of Eastern Europe: Applying the British Model to Football-Related Violence and Racism. Emory International Law Review, 27(2), 1055–1104. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.library.skagit.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=96367721site=ehost-live

Introduction to System Analysis and Design Fundamentals Essay

I will say that the first qualification that a systems analyst should have is at least a Bachelor Degree in Computer Science, however this may vary from organization to organization. For example, depending on the position it might only require a degree or experience or it could require a combination of both. Systems analysts should be able to multitask. It is also really important that a system analyst possess strong interpersonal and technical skills. As a System Analyst you will need the interpersonal skills to communicate accurately when conducting a presentation in front of a group. On the other hand, the technical skills give you confidence in a presentation. According to the National Career Service you need a BTEC HNC/HND or a degree†¦show more content†¦I believe it is more important to keep up to date with the evolution of the software since they are the one that provide the solutions of the original problem. Therefore, a good Systems Analyst must be familiarized wit h programing language to understand current program, and be able to take the proper corrective action to develop or design a system that will correct the present system. Knowing basic business will help a Systems Analyst to understand what is more cost effective for an organization and develop a system that will meet the organizational goals and needs, as well as staying within the budget. By identifying these concepts a System Analyst can provide a cost-benefit system that will satisfy customer’s expectations, organizational goals and user needs while staying within the budget. In today’s commerce and e-commerce everything is about business, and the companies that step up are one that takes their business to fulfill customer’s needs. A project manager should pick his team member for their skills and abilities as they apply to his particular project, but always mixing each team member skills and abilities to represent all the skills needed to complete the project (Cooper). The team member’s skills and abilities can vary based on the project goals and target. The important is to make sure to have a skill for each task, and I can achieve this by mixing all skills andShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Security Risks: The Octave Approach1635 Words   |  6 PagesThey noted that risk analysis and the concentration on threats, vulnerability and assets are the most effective means of protecting all IT resources. Biskup, J. Bonatti, P. A. Lying Versus Refusal for Known Potential Secrets. Data and Knowledge Engineering 38 (2001): 199-222. In this paper, Biskup and Bonatti discusses security policies as well as the corresponding mechanisms of enforcement. Biskup, J.; Flegel, U.; Karabulut, Y. 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These are core skills that are valued in my future career as an ElectricalRead MoreWhat Are Essential Attributes Of Good Software?1417 Words   |  6 Pagesit is dependable in all conditions an situations.it is a result of number of sub attribute namely secure ,safe ,reliability through assured Performance ,verification and validation it should not cause any case of physical or economic damage to the system. Maintainability: all changes desired by user can be carried out in short time .changes could adapt new technology or expand its scope Efficiency software should use resources in effective manner. Resources are memory, processor and storage. ItRead MoreUsing Data Collection And Data Analysis1427 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Design This study utilized a survey design that involved qualitative methods of data collection and data analysis. 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Sc 111 | General psychology | 3 |    |    | Cs 111 s1 | Logic formulation and introduction to programming | 3 |    |    | Cs 111 s1 | Fundamental of typing and word processing | 1 |    |    | P.e 111 | Introduction to physical activities | 2 |    |    | Nstp 111 | National service training program i | 3 |    |    |    | Semester 2 |    |    |    | Eng 122 | Effective speech | 3 |    |    | Fil 122Read MoreThe Current Situation And Future Requirements Of Data Storage For Higher Education1442 Words   |  6 Pages(1) Design In order to understand the current situation and future requirements of data storage for higher education in China, questionnaires and interviews about current systems and platforms are necessary. Questionnaires are one of quantitative methods to investigate some basic questions which may not accurately. Interviews one on one through face-to-face, telephone or Skype is one of qualitative methods to develop a deep understanding which may not academic. However, data from existing literatureRead MoreProject : Telephone Billing System1166 Words   |  5 Pagesand Address of Accredited Centre: Amity Institute Of Information Technology Sector-126, Noida 1. Name of student : Shubham Aggarwal 2. Address of student : D-148,First floor,Sector-55,Noida 3. Title of Project : TELEPHONE BILLING SYSTEM 4. Name of guide : Dr. Dolly Sharma Signature of student Signature of guide TO, ___________ ___________ Noida Respected Mam, I am submittingRead MoreA Study On Korean University Curriculum1724 Words   |  7 Pagesalso researched in order to find out whether their engineering programs have any cooperation courses for BIM education. In engineering program, BIM is able to apply on administration of construction process, integrated design delivery project, construction management, structural analysis, and costing construction, and it has many other related subjects which is able to applied indirectly. 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Masculinity, Masculinity And Violence - 1728 Words

Within many gender systems, masculinity is an expression of male gender that can vary based upon culture and society. Many cultures uphold a set of standards and expectations that an individual must maintain in order to be considered masculine. Several of these expectations can often be dangerous, violent, or even abusive. In particular with a focus on the two-sex, two-gender system of Western, patriarchal society, this paper will investigate the correlation between enforced masculinity and violence. According to Connell, masculinity in of itself does not discuss men but discusses gender order, and men s position within that order. Masculinities can also be defined as the patterns of practice by which people (men and women, but predominantly men) engage that position. (Connell 2005) Masculinities within themselves can change based on their participants and actions relating to their culture and society. In Canada and the United States in particular, there is an emphasized push for hyper-masculinity. It is a term used to describe the â€Å"exaggeration of traditionally masculine traits or behaviour.† (Collins Dictionary 2014) Men and boys are pushed towards achieving this goal of the ultimate male where â€Å"being a so-called real man means you have to take on this tough guise .† (Katz et al. 1999) They are pressured by society to be tough , both physically and emotionally, in order to fall under the category of real man . Achieving this tough appearanceSho w MoreRelatedMasculinity : Masculinity And Violence Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesMasculinity and violence Violence is a mechanism of coercive control that is used to maintain and reinforce gender difference and hierarchy. Building on Lynch s (2009) claim that hegemonic masculinity is toxic to both the men and women left in its wake this essay aims to explore the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and violence. 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Masculinity has forced many males to perform in ways that are detrimental to their own health as well as theirRead More Crime, Violence and Masculinity Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesreduce interpersonal violence in the West? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Violence is a difficult term to define, but for the purposes of this assignment violence can be defined as a crime or the threat to commit a crime by one person upon another person, and that usually that has negative physical or emotional effects upon the victim. Violence in Western society has been increasing steadily and has become a major concern for many nations. Increasingly, much of the violence is committed by male childrenRead MoreViolence, Masculinity And Femicide Within South Africa1502 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Gender-based violence refers to the act of causing harm to a woman in the form of sexual harassment, female genital mutilation or rape (Boonzaier, 2006). It is a major problem that is present in our day-to-day lives and it is this violence that affects everyone and can occur in almost any and/or every situation we come across. However, this violence against women is not a recent development as it has occurred as early as the eighteenth century (if not earlier) and it is a problem thatRead More The Representation of Masculinity and Violence in Henry V and The Rover1702 Words   |  7 PagesThe Representation of Masculinity and Violence in Henry V and The Rover Representing violence as an essential tool to gaining control, Henry V is dominated by masculine power, in this case, with the control of France. The cast is mainly male, containing just four female characters, namely Mistress Quickly, Isabel Queen of France, Katherine her daughter and Alice, the attendant. The chorus sets the scene of war in the prologue, with ‘Then should the warlikeRead MoreMasculinity in the Russian Mafia1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthe view of hegemonic masculinity as a a static, unified concept. By analyzing the behaviors of members of the Russian mafia, vory y zakone (thieves in law), particularly of Kirill and Nikolai, this paper will illustrate how masculinities are constructed, performed and reaffirmed in the context of the Russian mafia vory y zakone. The paper will begin by describing the main tends of masculinities theory, proposing that vory y zakone are creating oppositional masculinity. Keeping this context inRead MoreThe Representation Of Gender Masculinity1729 Words   |  7 Pagesconstruction of masculinity appears natural. This hegemonic masculinity is so naturalised it becomes invisible and we don’t see or think about it. 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Gilead Literary Analysis - 1885 Words

One of the most important themes in this novel is power. The society of Gilead restructures the meaning of words to establish power. Gilead’s new vocabulary reinforces a totalitarian regime by using language to regulate the words and ideas that people can express, similar to linguistic determinism. In Eleanor Rosch’s (1974) article of Linguistic relativity, she identified both a strong and weak version of the linguistic relativity hypotheses, a degree in which language is presumed to influence our thought and behavior. The weak hypothesis is linguistic relativity, where linguistic categories and usage only influence thought and decisions. (Rosch, 1974). However the Gilead’s use of language reflects that more of the strong hypothesis. In†¦show more content†¦This demonstrates how Gilead’s enforcement of language causes both women to self-censor their speech, even when no one is watching. Rosch’s (1974) article of Linguistic relativity discus s how some individuals may feel trapped by their language into holding a particular worldview. In our third writing assignment it was required to observe an event that might be characterized as intercultural. Reading this novel feels most similar to the experience I had during the third writing assignment because as Offred is narrating her experience in Gilead, I am able to analyze the situation from an ethnographic perspective where a researcher would normally observe society from the point of view of the subject of the study. As a result, I discovered that differences among language contribute to how the world is constructed and in this case Gilead’s terminology limits what individuals can say and think in order for those with power to maintain control. Gilead’s use of language to influence thought has made clear the ways in which language can be used to expressed power. The reconstruction of language in Gilead emphasizes how language can restrict forms of communicat ion between people to create control. Observing these restrictions on speech and oppressive language used in the novel assist us in identifying similar ways in which these techniques happen within our own societies. For instance, one can examine the ways in which language is used to describe individuals ofShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the Red Center. WithRead MoreThe Raven And The Overwhelming Power And Sadness Of The Death Of A Loved One1165 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis This critical analysis essay is about Poet Edgar Allen Poe’s poem â€Å"The Raven† and the overwhelming power and sadness of the death of a loved one. There is such sorrow and even anticipation that the poem invokes in the reader. The poem can be quite dreary and full of gloom, but the author also makes it sound eerie but somehow beautiful and lyrical especially when reciting it orally. Poe was a remarkable writer and known as being a bit peculiar in person and in his writings. PoeRead MoreMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale931 Words   |  4 Pagesformed self-identification of sex and sexuality that is formed autonomously. Evidence of gender establishment can be seen within literary works and supported by various schools of gender and sexuality theory. Joseph Culler describes literary theory as a tool to understanding the concepts of identity, wherein abstract communities are presented in identifiable groups for analysis. Culler (2011) explains that the schools of â€Å"psychoanalysis,† †linguistics,† and â€Å"anthropology† (p. 109) are used to exploreRead MoreThe Characters of Women in The Handmaids Tale and The Bell Jar1504 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences of life and social relationship and her eventual mental breakdown resulting with her attempts of committing suicide. On the other hand, Margaret Atwoods award winning novel The Handmaids Tale depicts the haunting experiences of Gilead, where sexual repression and religious extremism was not uncommon. Both novels have female protagonist, who are victims of rape and sexual violence. Marco, a guy on a blind date with Esther, calls her a slut and tries to rape her, and EsthersRead MoreLiterary Analysis of the Handmaids Tale1863 Words   |  8 Pag essystem strip an individual of their civil rights as a human being in order to gain ultimate control over its citizens. A government such as the Republic of Gilead in Margaret Atwood’s work, The Handmaid’s Tale, controls their citizen’s lives to the extent to where they must learn to suppress their emotions and feelings. In the Republic of Gilead, the main character Offred is a handmaid, which is a fertile woman who is assigned to be a surrogate mother for a woman that is no longer fertile, but is wealthyRead MoreHow Are the Two Female Protagonists Offred from â€Å"the Handmaids Tale† by Magaret Atwood and Celie from â€Å"the Color Purple† by Alice Walker Oppressed by Men, in What Ways Are Their Situations Similar and How Do They Deal4443 Words   |  18 Pagesas women, they grow stronger and gain strength in their lives throughout time. Research was carried out on the internet, through literary study guides and other people’s literary c riticisms. The other people’s literary criticisms were not particularly useful, since they did not concentrate on the protagonists situation and oppression, but focused merely on how the literary works could be examined and interpreted and what the author’s intentions were. 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If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceivesRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s The Raven1820 Words   |  8 Pages Historical/Biblical Analysis of Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Raven† There is always a reason why a piece of literature is written. Whether it is for for the author’s voice to be heard, to entertain its reader, or to spread knowledge, there is always a purpose behind the work. In many cases in poetry, the piece is written as an outlet for emotion, the chance to write down their deepest feelings. Edgar Allan Poe had a drastic life and suffered from deep depression, so he was bound to be an excellentRead MorePsychoanalysis Of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven1376 Words   |  6 Pageshis pain and tells the bird that it does not matter what they have that night, for the bird will surely leave, but the bird says nevermore, assuring Poe that he will not leave. Poe goes on to ask the raven whether there is an afterlife; a balm in Gilead (Poe 97), to which the bird replies nevermore. He continues on to ask the bird, though the bird told Poe about there being no afterlife, if he will ever one day reunite with his lost love Lenore, upon which the bird replied a ghastly nevermore

Interview Senator Flake s Office - 1255 Words

When signing up for an internship in Senator Flake’s office, I did not know what to expect. I did not know the type of work I would be doing. I hardly knew who Senator Flake was. It sounded like an interesting opportunity that I learned about at the job fair, and I thought it would be fun. It was far more than fun though—I learned so much from my internship, researching for the office, attending meetings, writing letters, and staying up-to-date on current events. More than anything else, though, I learned from the constituents themselves. I started the internship quite liberal-minded, like many students at the University. My roommate joked with me that I would leave my internship at the Senator’s office a hard-core Republican, but I was†¦show more content†¦After speaking to people, I often had a time to reflect on what I heard. The product was a much greater understanding of the complexity of the American political system. I grew up thinking that that one side was right, and the other was full of irrational arguments. However, people sharing bits of their lives with me taught me that is not true. The support and opposition for every policy makes sense, and deciding which is right is far more of a value judgment than a facts-based judgment than I could have imagined. I feel less sure about what I believe politically after the internship, but again, I do not think that is a bad thing. For the first time, I know how to enter into a thought process without a bias, and able to listen to both sides. This sk ill is critical for any studies or career in the social sciences. Talking to constituents, I also learned how to read the news. It requires a lot more critical thinking than I had imagined. One day in Senator Flake’s office, I received a phone call about the Senator wasting time at Neil Gorsuch’s hearing by asking irrelevant questions. I could not believe the comment—I had gained respect for the Senator, but I did not think it was right for him to use up valuable time in a hearing that democrats and republicans around the country deserved to hear. After the phone call was finished, I looked up information about the scenario, and I saw it lined up on Google, half a dozen sitesShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama s Election For Immigration Reform2613 Words   |  11 Pageselectorate—the highest ever recorded (Lopez Taylor, 2012). With less than a year for Obama left in office, immigration legislation is struggling. Despite bi-partisan efforts, the future for comprehensive immigration policy is bleak. The Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act (S.744) made great strides towards comprehensive reform in 2013. The arduou s passage of S.744 was a victory for immigration reform but its subsequent failure in the House of RepresentativesRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesmarkets, with governments scrambling to prop up banks, broaden guarantees for deposits and agree on a coordinated response. Origins The roots of the credit crisis stretch back to another notable boom-and-bust: the tech bubble of the late 1990’s. When the stock market began a steep decline in 2000 and the nation slipped into recession the next year, the Federal Reserve sharply lowered interest rates to limit the economic damage. Lower interest rates make mortgage payments cheaper, and demandRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pageswilling to bear the responsibility of bringing good-quality broadcasting to all †¢ Commendable brocasting in light of possible political adherence is British Brodcasting Corporation (BBC) †¢ Shows like â€Å"Hard Talk† present round-table debates and interviews with eminent leaders from around the world Who determines what is censored? †¢ As the Romans eloquently put it: quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Who will guard the guardians? If censorship has been established as a crucial concept which does not

Shopping Malls free essay sample

PROJECT ON MARKETING MANAGEMENT SHOPPING MALL 1 MARKETING PROJECT ON SHOPPING MALL NAME: MRINMOY CHAUDHURY ENROLMENT NO: 011102003 PROGRAM: PGDIB 02 Term : 6 2 Contents 1. Introduction Pg. no. 4 What is a shopping mall? . Advantage and disadvantage Brief history Type of shopping malls Components 2. Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 What are the key factors which is making shopping mall hugely successful? Effect of shopping malls on the small retailers. 3. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 4. Questionnaire †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 5. Finding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 6. SWOT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 5. Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 6. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 7. Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 37 3 INTRODUCTION Shopping malls The latest trend in the corporate universe is of the emergence of the shopping malls. Shopping malls are an emerging trend in the global arena. The first thing that comes in our mind about the shopping malls is that it is a big enclosed building housing a variety of shops or products. According to historical evidences shopping malls came into existence in the middle ages, though it was not called so. The concept of departmental stores came up in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution. Consumers wanted a better shopping experience and this demand gave rise to the emergence of shopping malls in India. Originally the first of the shopping malls was opened in Paris. Then the trend followed in the other metros over the world, and there was a spree of shopping malls coming up at various places. In this age of mass production and mass consumption, the concepts of shopping malls is most modern method of attracting consumers. The concept of shopping was altered completely with the emergence of these shopping malls. Shopping was no longer limited to a mere buying activity it has become synonymous with splurging time and money. People simply go about roaming through the shopping mall in order to peep through the window of the shop and often ending up buying something they like. The consumers desire a combination of comfort and suitability which the shopping malls cater to, and so this format of shopping has become so popular all over the world, and especially so in India. The inclusion of amenities like restaurants, multiplexes, and car parks attract more and more crowds to shopping malls, that are considered family hangout zones. 4 Advantages of shopping malls: ? ? ? ? Increase in the growth of the organized retail sector Monumental increment in economic growth Employment generation by the organized retail sector Good competition means better products services Disadvantages of shopping malls: ? The companies with superior resources would muscle out the ones inferior to them. ? Monopolization of the organized retail sector In India, the emergence of shopping malls has mostly altered the lifestyle of the consumers. With the growth in income, changing attitudes, and also the demographic patterns favor the emergence of shopping malls. The trends to follow in the future: ? The shopping malls favor a growth in the Indian organized retail sector by 10% within 2010 ? There would be different formats of shopping malls depending on the region. 5 Brief history In the United States, people began moving to the suburbs during the 20th century. Shopping malls were built to serve consumers living in areas outside of the cities. By 1916, a shopping mall called The Market Square opened for business in Chicago, IL. The facility was comprised of 28 stores, apartments, and offices. The Market Square was located in the expensive Lake Forest suburb and is thought to be one of the first planned shopping centers in the U. S. In 1950, the Northgate Shopping Center was built in Seattle, Washington. This shopping mall boasted two rows of stores on each side of an open-air section where shoppers could walk. Two department stores anchored each end of the shopping center. The first enclosed shopping mall was Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota which opened its doors in 1956. Up until the mid 1990s, most modern-day developers built enclosed shopping malls in order to create a climate-controlled shopping environment. Today, developers are returning to the creation of open-air shopping malls. Outlet malls, shopping centers featuring name brand retailers selling their products at discounted prices, are often built in an open-air format. Types of Shopping Malls In general, you will find only regional centers, superregional centers, and fashion/specialty centers on this Web site. Relatively few community centers were chosen, but appear here because the center may have, at one time, been considered a regional center. Only a few theme/festival centers were listed in heavily urbanized areas, such as San Francisco, because of their particular attractiveness or size. Finally, the new designation, lifestyle center, displays because of their classic-mall type appearance even though they are without a classic-mall anchor store. 6 Fashion/Specialty Centers Characterized as higher end, fashion oriented centers between 80,000 and 250,000 sq. ft. Community Centers Characterized as having between 100,000 and 350,000 sq. t. Usually two types of anchors, such as a discount department store or large specialty/discount apparel store. Lifestyle Centers A new designation that has a loose definition. Generally, its a center that does not have an anchor tenant in the classic sense (that is, a department store). However, lifestyle centers increasingly have a cinema as a major tena nt. Others have just a small collection of exclusive shops. Outlet Centers Characterized as manufacturers outlet centers between 50,000 and 400,000 sq. ft. Regional Centers Characterized as having between 400,000 and 800,000 sq. ft. Usually two or more anchors, such as a conventional department store, junior department store, mass merchant, discount department store, or fashion apparel store. Superregional Centers Characterized as having over 800,000 sq. ft. Usually three or more anchors, such as a conventional department store, junior department store, mass merchant, or fashion apparel store. Theme/Festival Centers Characterized as tourist-oriented, retail and service centers between 80,000 and 250,000 sq. ft. 7 Components of shopping mall Food court A shopping mall food court consists of food vendors offering a selection of food. At a typical food court, food is ordered at one of the vendors and then consumed at a seating area, which is normally a plaza surrounded by the counters of the multiple food vendors. Department stores A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. Department stores usually sell products including apparel, furniture, appliances, electronics, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint, hardware, toiletries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewelry, toys, and sporting goods. Certain department stores are further classified as discount department stores. Discount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a country or several countries. 8 OBJECTIVE The purpose of doing the project is to find out: 1. What are the key factors which is making shopping mall hugely successful 2. Effect of these shopping malls on the small retailers 1. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT IS MAKING SHOPPING MALL HUGELY SUCCESSFUL ? The success of modern shopping centers relies on a number of critical success factors. These factors include attainability, effortless business, service variety, ambience, price, active marketing and cleanliness,† says Arto Lindblom, Professor of Retail and Channel Management at the Helsinki School of Economics. The atmosphere of shopping center created by sound registration, color scores and illumination, alo ngside with the professional concept create additional comfort for visitors which influences loyalty of buyers and their desire to pass more time in the shopping center. Honestly speaking, the competition is amplifying, and factors on which we did not reflect earlier (color, light, a sound and even smells) now act as an advantage in fighting for the buyer. 9 2. FFECT OF SHOPPING MALLS ON THE SMALL RETAILERS ? Retail trade contributes around 10-11% of India’s GDP and currently employs over 4 crore people. Within this, unorganized retailing accounts for 97% of the total retail trade. Traditional forms of low-cost retail trade, from the owner operated local shops and general stores to the handcart and pavement vendors together form the bulk of this sector. In the absence of any significant growth in organized sector employment in India in the manufacturing or services sector, millions are forced to seek their livelihood in the informal sector. Retail trade, which has been a relatively easy business to enter with low capital and infrastructure needs, has acted as a refuge source of income for the unemployed. Organized retailing has witnessed considerable growth in India in the last few years and is currently growing at a very fast pace. A recent KPMG survey report prepared for the FICCI states that organized retail, estimated as a $ 6. billion industry in 2006, is projected to reach $ 23 billion by 2010. The share of organized retail in overall retail sales is projected to jump from around 3% currently to around 9-10% in the next three years. A number of large domestic business groups have entered the retail trade sector and are expanding their operations aggressively. Several formats of organized retailing 10 like hypermarkets, superma rkets and discount stores are being set up by big business groups besides the ongoing proliferation of shopping malls in the metros and other large cities. This has serious implications for the livelihood of millions of small and unorganized retailers across the country. Need to Regulate Organized Retail Large format retailing is controlled and regulated across the world. The experiences of Western European as well as South East Asian countries are particularly relevant in this regard. However, an appropriate regulatory framework for the organized retail sector in India has to be framed keeping in mind the Indian specificities. India has the highest shop density in the world with 11 shops per 1000 persons, much higher than the European or Asian countries. The potential social costs of the growth and consolidation of organized retail, in terms of displacement of unorganized retailers and loss of livelihoods is enormous. Regulation in India therefore needs to be more stringent and restrictive. There are broadly three ways in which the adverse impact of the rapid and unbridled expansion of organized retail can be felt: 1. Around 95% of the 12 million shops in India have a floor area of less than 500 square feet. The impact of the growing market share for organized retailers is being manifested in the falling sales for the unorganized retailers in several places. The NSSO surveys already indicate a significant decline of more than 12. 5 lakhs in the number of selfemployed retailers in urban India (by current weekly status) between 1999-2000 and 2004-05. Further acceleration in the growth of organized retail would eventually result in making business unviable for a large number of unorganized retailers, particularly in the event of a slowdown in consumption growth and retail sales. In the backdrop of huge unemployment and underemployment persisting in India, small-scale retailing still provides livelihood security to around 20 million urban workers and 12 million rural workers. Their displacement would further worsen the unemployment scenario. 2. Giant organized retailers use their monopoly buying power to squeeze small producers of agricultural as well as manufactured products. The experience of the farmers of 11 developing countries with the giant food retailers has been particularly bad. The farmers become dependent upon the inputs, credit and technology supplied by the food retailers and end up being at their mercy in terms of prices for their produce and quality standards. Contract farming, which is the preferred mode of operations as far as the agribusiness corporations and food retailers are concerned, has led to agrarian distress in many places. Moreover, uncontrolled diversification in agriculture away from foodgrains can imperil food security. In the backdrop of the crisis being already faced in Indian agriculture, the entry of large retailers with monopsonistic control can aggravate the situation. 3. The proliferation of large format retail outlets reshapes the urban landscape in myriad ways. Land use patterns change drastically, often in violation of city plans. Given the unplanned and chaotic path of urban development witnessed in India over the past decade and a half, and the pathetic state of urban infrastructure, the proliferation of large format retailers will only accelerate the undesirable trends of predatory real estate development and unsustainable pressures on urban infrastructure and the environment. Rather than enhancing choices for the consumers, especially the lower income groups, proliferation of large format retail stores would kill competition, lead to closure of neighbourhood markets and make consumers solely dependent upon the organized retailers. This would also increase the propensity to use private vehicles for shopping thus leading to more pollution. Regulation of the organized retail sector has to address all these areas of concern mentioned above. Organized retail cannot be allowed to grow in a way, which displaces existing unorganized retailers, jeopardizing livelihoods in the absence of other employment opportunities. The interests of the small producers, especially farmers, also have to be protected by preventing the emergence of local monopolies/monopsonies. It has to be ensured that competition is not stifled and potentially monopolistic practices in credit, input and output markets are not encouraged by the entry of large corporate retailers. Moreover, undue pressure on urban infrastructure and the environment arising out of the proliferation of large format retailers has to be prevented. 12 METHODOLOGY For finding out various details of our project we have to find the various factors which is making the shopping malls so attractive to the customer. is it the huge variety attainability, effortless business, service variety ambience, active marketing and cleanliness . e have to also find out the what is the impact of these malls on the small retail shops. We have to visit various shopping malls and by observation method we have to find out the various factors which is making these malls so attractive to the customer, we also need to interview the customer and ask them about their choice and preferences like what are the thing they like about the shopping malls that includes (variety, price shopping environment, service, cleanliness, attainability) etc. And for finding out the impact of these malls on the small retailers we need to interview some small retailer and know their opinion and position. 3 In addition, on most customer satisfaction projects we look to: ? ? ? ? ? ? Define customer service Measure customer expectations Measure customer perceptions Identify gaps between expectations and perceptions Identify priorities for improvement SWOT analysis of retail 14 Questionnaire For finding out the objective, a small survey has been done by me. 30 customers of different age, sex and economic class from 5 shopping malls (big bazaar, Spencer, city center, south city mall and subiksha) that I have visited based on their response this is what I have found. . what according to them are the factors which influence their behavior ,while going for shopping? 2. When asked what are the things they liked about shopping mall s? 3. When asked, Where do they do their regular monthly shopping? 4. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to these shopping malls? 5. When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping and why, this is what we found? 15 After interviewing 10 small retail shop owner from various parts of the city this is what I found. 1. hop owners when asked about the effects on their business when ever there is a shopping mall around the area 2. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to them 3. When asked about the strategies they are adopting to fight with the situation? 4. When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protection? 16 FINDINGS 1. what according to them are the factors which influence their behavior ,while going for shopping? Following are the important factors according to them: 17 2. When asked what are the things they liked about shopping malls? Response in percentage price and service variety shopping environment cleanliness 0% 20% 51% 29% 18 3. When asked, Where do they do their regular monthly shopping? Response in percentage come to the shopping malls go to the small retailer 0% 0% 45% 55% 19 4. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to theses shopping mall Response in percentage people said yes people said no people said they don’t know 10% 23% 67% 20 5. When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping and why, this is what we found? Response in percentage of them preferred shopping in malls: price, environment and variety where the main factors according to them. of them preferred shopping in small retail outlets: distance of the shop from their home, shopping habits were the main reason according to them. 11% 89% 21 After interviewing 10 small retail shop owner from various parts of the city this is what I found 1. shop owners when asked about the effects on their business when ever there is a shopping mall around the area Response in percentage aid it affects their business very badly said it doesn’t affect their business 5% 95% 22 2. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to them Manily People of the older age group for whom distance from there home is a prime factor and the customer with whom they had a very good and long relationship are the ones who are still loyal. 23 3. When asked about the strategies they are adopting to fight with the situation? 24 4. When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protection? Response in percentage aid yes, the government must act at once and give them some protection. said they don’t know 3% 97% 25 SWOT Analysis of retail(shopping malls)†¦ A SWOT analysis of the Indian organized retail industry is presented below: Strength: 1. Retailing is a technology-intensive industry. It is technology that will help the organized retailers to score over the unorganized retailers. Successful organized retailers today work closely with their vendors to predict consumer demand, shorten lead times, reduce inventory holding and ultimately save cost. Example: Wal-Mart pioneered the concept of building competitive advantage through distribution information systems in the retailing industry. They introduced two innovative logistics techniques ? crossdocking and EDI (electronic data interchange). 2. On an average a super market stocks up to 5000 SKUs against a few hundreds stocked with an average unorganized retailer. Weakness: 1. Less Conversion level : Despite high footfalls, the conversion ratio has been very low in the retail outlets in a mall as compared to the standalone counter parts. It is seen that actual conversions of footfall into sales for a mall outlet is approximately 20-25%. On the other hand, a high street store of retail chain has an average conversion of about 50-60%. As a result, a stand-alone store has a ROI (return on investment) of 25-30%; in contrast the retail majors are experiencing a ROI of 8-10%. 2. Customer Loyalty: Retail chains are yet to settle down with the proper merchandise mix for the mall outlets. Since the stand-alone outlets were established long time back, so they have stabilized in terms of footfalls merchandise mix and thus have a higher customer loyalty base. 6 Opportunity : 1. The Indian middle class is already 30 Crore is projected to grow to over 60 Crore by 2010 making India one of the largest consumer markets of the world. The IMAGES-KSA projections indicate that by 2015, India will have over 55 Crore people under the age of 20 reflecting the enormous opportunities possible in the kids and teens retailing segment. 2. Org anized retail is only 3% of the total retailing market in India. It is estimated to grow at the rate of 25-30% p. a. and reach INR 1,00,000 Crore by 2010. 3. Percolating down : In India it has been found out that the top 6 cities contribute for 66% of total organized retailing. While the metros have already been exploited, the focus has now been shifted towards the tier-II cities. The retail boom, 85% of which has so far been concentrated in the metros is beginning to percolate down to these smaller cities and towns. The contribution of these tier-II cities to total organized retailing sales is expected to grow to 20-25%. 4. Rural Retailing: Indias huge rural population has caught the eye of the retailers looking for new areas of rowth. ITC launched Indias first rural mall Chaupal Saga offering a diverse range of products from FMCG to electronic goods to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all their needs. Hariyali Bazar is started by DCM Sriram group which provides farm related inputs services. The Godrej group has launched the concept of agri-stores named Adhaar which offers agricultural products such as fertilizers animal feed along with the required knowledge for effective use of the same to the farmers. Pepsi on the other hand is experimenting with the farmers of Punjab for growing the right quality of tomato for its tomato purees pastes. 27 Threats : 1. If the unorganized retailers are put together, they are parallel to a large supermarket with no or little overheads, high degree of flexibility in merchandise, display, prices and turnover. 2. Shopping Culture: Shopping culture has not developed in India as yet. Even now malls are just a place to hang around with family and friends and largely confined to windowshopping. 28 Recommendations Framework for a National Policy on Regulating Organized Retail Small retailers need protection and policy support in order to compete with organized retail. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation has formulated a National Policy for Urban Street Vendors. The policy proposes several positive steps to provide security to street vendors considering it as an initiative towards urban poverty alleviation. However, what is required is a more comprehensive policy, which addresses the needs of small retailers, especially in terms of access to institutional credit and know how to upgrade their businesses. A regulatory framework for organized retail should also be framed. Since the operations of organized retailers impact upon various sectors of the economy, policy guidelines should be framed involving all the relevant Departments, namely Commerce, Agriculture and Urban Development. Moreover, since regulation of the large format retailers would mainly be in the domain of the states and local bodies, State Governments have to be consulted and involved in the process of framing policy guidelines. A Central legislation or a Model legislation, which can be enacted by the State Governments, may also be considered for this purpose. In addition, the UPA Government should also abandon the moves to permit FDI in retail trade through the back door, as in the case of the joint venture between Wal-Mart and Bharti whereby the former proposes to operate in the cash-and-carry segment while the latter in the front-end. It is more than obvious that this proposed joint venture is nothing but a subterfuge, to circumvent the existing policy regime, which does not allow FDI in retail. The entry of giant MNCs like the Wal-Mart, TESCO, Carrefour etc, besides 29 ccelerating manifolds the already rapid growth of organized retail, would also sabotage any attempt by the Government to regulate the sector in order to protect the interests of the small retailers and farmers. The UPA Government should take a categorical position on this issue. Not allowing MNCs to operate in the retail sector should be the starting point of the national policy on retail. The issues, which need to be addressed in the regulatory framework for organized r etail, have already been discussed above. Some suggestions are made below which seek to address those issues: A Licensing System for Organized Retail 1. A system of licensing should be introduced for organized retail. Any retail outlet with floor area over an appropriate minimum floor area should require prior license from local authorities (city corporations or municipalities). Corporate entities should not be allowed to operate retail outlets below the specified minimum floor area 2. The authority to grant licenses should be the urban local bodies. A dedicated committee/board/department should be set up by the urban local bodies, with representation from street vendors and small retailer associations, which should be empowered to grant licenses to organized retailers. . The system should be devised in a manner so that there is transparency in the process of granting licenses in order to prevent corrupt practices. A process of open bids for granting licenses may be considered. 4. Considering the multiplicity of formats of organized retail, there should be separate sets of regulations for each format, based on floor area. Slabs shoul d be set for the different retail formats, like discount stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, shopping malls etc based on floor area. 5. Licenses for each format should be given on the basis of a population criterion, i. e. ot more than X number of large format retail stores of Y format per Z population. The criteria may vary between states and cities depending upon the nature of the retail sector and needs of consumers. However, a commonality should exist in terms of assessing the employment impact by the local authorities 30 in a scientific as well as democratic manner, before granting license for a large format retail outlet. 6. There should be appropriate caps both on the total number of large format retail outlets that are being granted licenses in particular areas as well as on the maximum floor area for a retail outlet. 7. Retail outlets above a certain floor area should not be allowed to operate within existing commercial zones/areas. In case a license is granted for a large format retailer within an existing commercial area, it should only be on the basis of an agreement to share a substantial proportion of its floor area with small retailers at concessional rent. The allotment of space to small retailers in such cases should be done by the license issuing authority. 8. Giant retail outlets like hypermarkets, which attract large numbers of customers should have adequate parking space and should ideally be located outside city limits. Environmental Impact assessment should also be mandatory for giant retail outlets whose floor area exceeds a specified limit. 9. Penal provisions, including withdrawal of licenses, should be laid down for violation of the terms and conditions of licenses by organized retailers. Government’s Role in Preventing Private Monopolies 1. A single large format retailer should not be allowed to capture a large market share. For this it is important to restrict the number of retail outlets that a single private entity can open in a city, state as well as region. Under no circumstances should a national level monopoly be allowed to develop in the retail sector. 2. There should be guidelines to prevent predatory pricing and below-cost sales by organized retailers. A mechanism should be set up where complaints against predatory pricing can be registered by small retailers. The Competition Commission in India is not suitably equipped to handle such issues. A dedicated mechanism is required for this purpose. 3. In order to prevent the development of big private monopolies in retail trade, it is also important for the Government to ensure its presence in the market. Several 31 Government marketing agencies exist, both at the Central as well as State levels. With a few exceptions, these agencies have been experiencing decay, owing to various factors. These marketing agencies should be revived and encouraged to grow and compete with private large format retailers. 4. Consolidation of several Government marketing agencies in order to create a few big public sector retail chains should be seriously considered, which can also invest in developing modern supply chain infrastructure. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) should be involved in the administration of cold storages and procurement centres. . Encouragement should be provided to the existing retail chains in the cooperative sector. New retail cooperatives should also be promoted. Partnerships between existing Government marketing agencies and cooperatives can also be considered, especially in food retail where synergies exist. 6. The State Governments or urban local bodies should levy a cess on the VAT on all goods sold by large format retail outlets (including those in the public sector) in order to create a level playing field between the organized and unorganized retailers. Revenues generated from the cess can be used to create a dedicated fund to provide infrastructure support, financial assistance or cheap credit for unorganized retailers to improve and upgrade their operations. 7. Tax incentives should not be provided, either by the Central or State Governments, for the setting up of procurement/distribution centres or â€Å"rural business hubs† by private players. Neither should tax breaks be provided to private players for contract farming. Safeguarding Farmers’ Interests 1. Handing over farmland to food retailers for contract farming should not be permitted. Rules for contract farming should ensure that there is no possibility of farmers being alienated from their land, even if there is a failure in meeting contract commitments. 2. Contract farming should be regulated and monitored by the Government to protect the interests of farmers. Farmers should be encouraged to form groups or 32 cooperatives in order to enter into contracts collectively with corporate rather than entering into individual contracts. 3. The processes of credit provision linked to input supplies and subsequent purchase of the crop, all by one private player, need to be regulated carefully by State authorities and PRIs. Supply of inputs like seeds need to be monitored by the Government. It is also important to ensure that monoculture is avoided. 4. It should be ensured that the farmers are not denied the opportunity of selling their produce over and above the quantity specified in the contract to other agencies at a price higher than what is specified in the contract. Farmers also need to be protected from arbitrary refusal by the contracting parties to buy their produce on grounds of ‘poor quality’. The Government should reserve the right to intervene in such contracts in situations when they are found to be operating to the detriment of farmers’ interests. . Large procurement centres created by corporate retailers should compulsorily have separate space for Government agencies. The scope of activities of the Government agencies would depend on the scale of operations. They may range from a single information centre for Government services to various Government agencies supplyin g inputs, providing extension services, disbursing credit and undertaking procurement. Several State Governments have amended their APMC Acts in accordance with the Model APMC Act framed by the Central Government. That model Act itself needs to be changed incorporating the suggestions made above. State Governments should also be persuaded to do the same. 6. It has to be ensured that a single corporate retailer does not monopolize procurement operations in a district or area. It is therefore absolutely critical that both public procurement agencies and cooperatives are given support, incentives and freedom to compete with the corporate retailers. This would require special initiatives from the State Governments to reinvigorate the Government agencies. The Central Government should also provide adequate funds required for the purpose. 33 7. Private procurement of food grains by large players who can manipulate the market should be discouraged. The experience of the last two years shows how the free hand given to corporate players has led to shortfalls in public procurement necessitating wheat imports. There is an urgent need to strengthen and expand the public procurement machinery into more areas and provide it with the required flexibility to ensure adequate procurement at remunerative prices. Private procurement of food grains, wherever it takes place, should be closely monitored by the PRIs and the Government. 8. Food retailers or other agribusiness companies should not be allowed to corner and hoard food grains stocks under any circumstances. To prevent cornering of stocks by private players with the associated potential for speculation, there should be rules for public disclosure of stock holding levels. Public agencies should be empowered to purchase food grains from the private holders at prespecified prices if their stocks exceed a specified level. 4 CONCLUSION After looking at the above data we have come to a conclusion that presently there is a tend of considerable increase of shopping malls in all the metro cities , small towns and a large section of middle class , upper middle class people are coming for shopping because of the following reasons: 1. Customers convenience for shopping. Items from food to clothing, grocery to electronics are available under one ro of. 2. Better environment and improved customer service. 3. compitive price with seasonal discount various gift scheme. 4. Various options to the customer for choosing brand and variety. 5. Ample scope of promoting sales and enhance brand image. 6. Availability of parking space for their car 7. Scope of employment at local area for various segment. Considering mash rooming of shopping mall, small business man, shop owners and farmers are facing acute financial problem as their business transactions are reducing sharply. Loosing employment by the employee of small shop owners, many of them who were dependent on the small shop for their living are facing the heat. 5 On one hand where the shopping malls are slowly capturing the market due their superior power and size for which they are able to attract more and more customers towards them, on the other hand due to growing trend of shopping mall , especially the farmers and the small shop owners of groceries and other house hold goods are affected as considerable number of customers are shopping these items from shopping malls instead of normal market, and t he profit margin is slopping towards the shopping mall To encounter the situation it is required to impose rule or preferably ban by the concerned authority to restrain sales of some particular items (fruit, vegetables and some other glossary product) from shopping mall. 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